Mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya mafani yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ma duct systems nthawi zambiri imatchedwa ma centrifugal ndi axial fans - dzinali limachokera ku njira yodziwika bwino ya mpweya kudzera mu fan. Mitundu iwiriyi yokha imagawidwa m'magulu angapo omwe apangidwa kuti apereke mawonekedwe apadera a voliyumu/kupanikizika, komanso makhalidwe ena ogwirira ntchito (kuphatikizapo kukula, phokoso, kugwedezeka, kuyera, kukhazikika komanso kulimba).

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Gome 1: Deta yofalitsidwa ku US ndi ku Europe yokhudza momwe mafani amagwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri ya mafani okwana > 600mm m'mimba mwake

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Mitundu ina ya mafani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu HVAC yalembedwa mu Gome 1, pamodzi ndi mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa1 kuchokera ku deta yofalitsidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana aku US ndi ku Europe. Kuphatikiza pa izi, fan ya 'plug' (yomwe kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa fan ya centrifugal) yatchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.

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Chithunzi 1: Ma curve a fan wamba. Mafani enieni amatha kusiyana kwambiri ndi ma curve osavuta awa

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Ma curve a fan omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Awa ndi ma curve okokomeza, okonzedwa bwino, ndipo mafani enieni akhoza kusiyana ndi awa; komabe, akhoza kuwonetsa makhalidwe ofanana. Izi zikuphatikizapo madera osakhazikika omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusaka, komwe fan imatha kusinthasintha pakati pa kuchuluka kwa madzi awiri omwe angatuluke pamphamvu yomweyo kapena chifukwa cha kutsika kwa fan (onani bokosi la kuyenda kwa mpweya). Opanga ayeneranso kuzindikira malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amakonda 'otetezeka' m'mabuku awo.

Mafani a centrifugal

Ndi mafani a centrifugal, mpweya umalowa mu impeller motsatira mzere wake, kenako umatulutsidwa kuchokera ku impeller ndi kayendedwe ka centrifugal. Mafani awa amatha kupanga mphamvu zambiri komanso kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa voliyumu. Mafani ambiri achikhalidwe a centrifugal ali m'nyumba yozungulira (monga momwe zilili pa Chithunzi 2) yomwe imagwira ntchito yowongolera mpweya woyenda ndikusintha bwino mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yosasunthika. Kuti mpweya usunthire kwambiri, fan ikhoza kupangidwa ndi impeller ya 'double width double inlet', yomwe imalola mpweya kulowa mbali zonse ziwiri za chivundikirocho.

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Chithunzi 2: Fani ya centrifugal mu chivundikiro cha scroll, yokhala ndi impeller yokhotakhota kumbuyo

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Pali mitundu ingapo ya masamba omwe angapange impeller, ndipo mitundu ikuluikulu imakhala yokhota patsogolo ndi yokhota kumbuyo - mawonekedwe a tsamba adzatsimikizira momwe imagwirira ntchito, momwe ingagwire ntchito bwino komanso mawonekedwe a fani yokhota. Zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze momwe fan imagwirira ntchito ndi m'lifupi mwa gudumu la impeller, malo otseguka pakati pa cone yolowera ndi impeller yozungulira, ndi malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku fan (malo otchedwa 'blast area').

Mtundu uwu wa fan nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mota yokhala ndi lamba ndi pulley. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mayendedwe a liwiro lamagetsi komanso kupezeka kwa ma mota osinthidwa ndi magetsi ('EC' kapena opanda burashi), ma direct drive akugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Izi sizimangochotsa kusagwira ntchito bwino komwe kumachitika mu lamba drive (zomwe zitha kukhala kuyambira 2% mpaka kupitirira 10%, kutengera kukonza2) komanso zitha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka, kuchepetsa kukonza (zochepa za ma bearings ndi zofunikira zoyeretsera) ndikupangitsa kuti msonkhanowo ukhale wocheperako.

Mafani ozungulira opindika kumbuyo

Mafani opindika kumbuyo (kapena 'opendekeka') amadziwika ndi masamba omwe amapendekeka kutali ndi komwe akuzungulira. Amatha kufika pa 90% pogwiritsa ntchito masamba a aerofoil, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3, kapena ndi masamba osalala opangidwa m'magawo atatu, komanso ochepa pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito masamba opindika, komanso ochepa pogwiritsa ntchito masamba osavuta opendekeka kumbuyo. Mpweya umasiya nsonga za impeller pa liwiro lotsika, kotero kutayika kwa kukangana mkati mwa casing kumakhala kotsika ndipo phokoso lopangidwa ndi mpweya nalonso ndi lotsika. Akhoza kuyima pamtunda wopitilira wa curve yogwirira ntchito. Ma impeller okulirapo apereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba olimba kwambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe a aerofoil. Ma impeller opyapyala sadzapindula kwenikweni pogwiritsa ntchito ma aerofoil kotero amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a flat plate. Mafani opindika kumbuyo amadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kupanga kupanikizika kwakukulu pamodzi ndi phokoso lotsika, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yosapitirira muyeso - izi zikutanthauza kuti pamene kukana kumachepa mu dongosolo ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuyenda kumawonjezeka mphamvu yokokedwa ndi mota yamagetsi idzachepa. Kapangidwe ka mafani opindika kumbuyo mwina kadzakhala kolimba kwambiri komanso kolemera kuposa fani yopindika kutsogolo yomwe sigwira ntchito bwino. Kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono kwa mpweya kudutsa masamba kungathandize kuti zinthu zodetsa (monga fumbi ndi mafuta) zisonkhanitsidwe.

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Chithunzi 3: Chithunzi cha ma impeller a fan a centrifugal

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Mafani ozungulira opindika kutsogolo

Mafani opindika kutsogolo amadziwika ndi masamba ambiri opindika kutsogolo. Popeza nthawi zambiri amapanga mphamvu zochepa, amakhala ang'onoang'ono, opepuka komanso otsika mtengo kuposa fan yofanana ndi yopindika kumbuyo. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3 ndi Chithunzi 4, mtundu uwu wa fan impeller udzaphatikizapo masamba opitilira 20 omwe angakhale osavuta monga kupangidwa kuchokera ku pepala limodzi lachitsulo. Mphamvu yabwino imapezeka m'makulidwe akuluakulu ndi masamba opangidwa payekhapayekha. Mpweya umasiya nsonga za tsamba ndi liwiro lalikulu la tangential, ndipo mphamvu iyi ya kinetic iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yosasunthika mu casing - izi zimalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa voliyumu ya mpweya wotsika mpaka wapakati pa kuthamanga kochepa (nthawi zambiri <1.5kPa), ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yochepera 70%. Casing yozungulira ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse bwino ntchito, chifukwa mpweya umasiya nsonga ya masamba pa liwiro lalikulu ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yosasunthika. Amathamanga pa liwiro lozungulira lotsika ndipo, motero, milingo ya phokoso yopangidwa ndi makina nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperapo kuposa mafani opindika obwerera kumbuyo. Faniyo imakhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo ikagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kukana kochepa kwa dongosolo.

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Chithunzi 4: Fan yozungulira yokhota patsogolo yokhala ndi mota yolumikizirana

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Mafani awa sali oyenera kumene, mwachitsanzo, mpweya uli ndi fumbi lalikulu kapena uli ndi madontho a mafuta olowa m'malo mwake.

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Chithunzi 5: Chitsanzo cha fan yoyendetsedwa mwachindunji yokhala ndi masamba opindika kumbuyo

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Mafani a centrifugal okhala ndi masamba a radial

Fani ya centrifugal yokhala ndi masamba ozungulira ili ndi ubwino woti imatha kusuntha tinthu ta mpweya toipitsidwa komanso pamphamvu kwambiri (monga 10kPa) koma, ikathamanga mofulumira kwambiri, imakhala ndi phokoso kwambiri komanso yosagwira ntchito bwino (<60%) choncho siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito ya HVAC. Imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo - pamene kukana kwa makina kumachepa (mwina chifukwa cha kutsegula kwa ma dampers olamulira voliyumu), mphamvu ya injini idzakwera ndipo, kutengera kukula kwa injini, ikhoza 'kudzaza kwambiri'.

Mafani a pulagi

M'malo moyikidwa mu chivundikiro cha scroll, ma centrifugal impellers opangidwa ndi cholinga ichi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji mu chivundikiro cha chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito mpweya (kapena, kwenikweni, mu duct kapena plenum iliyonse), ndipo mtengo wawo woyamba ukhoza kukhala wotsika kuposa ma centrifugal fans omwe ali m'nyumba. Amadziwika kuti 'plenum', 'plug' kapena 'unhoused' ma centrifugal fans, awa angapereke ubwino wina wa malo koma pamtengo wotayika wa magwiridwe antchito (ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri ofanana ndi a ma centrifugal fans omwe ali m'nyumba). Mafaniwa amakoka mpweya kudzera mu inlet cone (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi fani yokhazikika) koma kenako amatulutsa mpweya mozungulira kuzungulira konse kwa 360° kwa impeller. Akhoza kupereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kulumikizana kwa outlet (kuchokera ku plenum), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pangakhale kufunikira kochepa kwa ma bend oyandikana kapena kusintha kwakuthwa mu ductwork komwe kungawonjezere kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa dongosolo (ndipo, motero, mphamvu yowonjezera ya fan). Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa dongosolo lonse kungawongoleredwe pogwiritsa ntchito ma bell mouth entrys kupita ku ducts zomwe zimachoka mu plenum. Chimodzi mwa ubwino wa plug fan ndi chakuti imamveka bwino, makamaka chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa mawu mkati mwa plenum komanso kusowa kwa njira 'zowonera mwachindunji' kuchokera ku impeller kupita pakamwa pa ductwork. Kuchita bwino kudzadalira kwambiri malo a fan mkati mwa plenum ndi ubale wa fan ndi malo ake otulukira - plenum ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mphamvu ya kinetic mumlengalenga ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa static. Kugwira ntchito kosiyana kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kosiyana kwa ntchito kudzadalira mtundu wa impeller - ma flow impeller osakanikirana (opereka kuphatikiza kwa radial ndi axial flow) agwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi mavuto oyenda chifukwa cha kayendedwe kamphamvu ka mpweya wa radial wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma centrifugal impellers osavuta3.

Kwa mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono, kapangidwe kawo kakang'ono nthawi zambiri kamawonjezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma EC motors omwe amatha kulamuliridwa mosavuta.

Mafani a Axial

Mu mafani oyenda ndi mpweya, mpweya umadutsa mu fan mogwirizana ndi mzere wozungulira (monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu fan yosavuta ya axial ya chubu cha Chithunzi 6) - kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa ndi kukweza kwa aerodynamic (mofanana ndi phiko la ndege). Izi zitha kukhala zazing'ono, zotsika mtengo komanso zopepuka, makamaka zoyenera kusuntha mpweya motsutsana ndi kupsinjika kochepa, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mumakina ochotsera pomwe kutsika kwa kupanikizika kumakhala kotsika kuposa makina operekera - kuperekera nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kutsika kwa kupanikizika kwa zigawo zonse za mpweya mu chipangizo choyendetsera mpweya. Mpweya ukachoka pa fan yosavuta ya axial, umakhala ukuzungulira chifukwa cha kuzungulira komwe kumaperekedwa pamlengalenga pamene ukudutsa mu impeller - magwiridwe antchito a fan angawongoleredwe kwambiri ndi ma vane otsogolera otsika kuti abwezeretse kugwedezeka, monga momwe zilili mu fan ya axial ya vane yomwe yawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa fan ya axial kumakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba, mtunda pakati pa nsonga ya tsamba ndi chivundikiro chozungulira, ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa swirl. Kutsika kwa tsamba kumatha kusinthidwa kuti kusinthe bwino kutulutsa kwa fan. Mwa kubweza kuzungulira kwa mafani a axial, mpweya umathanso kubwezedwa - ngakhale kuti faniyo idzapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito mbali yaikulu.

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Chithunzi 6: Fan ya chubu cha axial flow

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Kapangidwe ka mafani a axial kali ndi malo okhazikika omwe angawapangitse kukhala osayenerera machitidwe omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magwiridwe antchito, ngakhale ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu yosapitirira muyeso.

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Chithunzi 7: Fan ya vane axial flow

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Mafani a Vane axial amatha kugwira ntchito bwino ngati mafani a centrifugal opindika kumbuyo, ndipo amatha kutulutsa madzi ambiri pamavuto oyenera (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 2kPa), ngakhale kuti amatha kupanga phokoso lalikulu.

Fani yosakanikirana yamagetsi ndi chitukuko cha fan ya axial ndipo, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 8, ili ndi impeller yooneka ngati conical komwe mpweya umakokedwa kudzera mu njira zomwe zikukulirakulira kenako n’kudutsa mu axial kudzera mu ma vane owongolera. Kuchita pamodzi kumatha kupangitsa kuti mphamvu ya mpweya ikhale yokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe zingathere ndi ma fan ena a axial flow. Mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa phokoso zitha kufanana ndi za fan ya centrifugal yozungulira kumbuyo.

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Chithunzi 8: Fan yosakanikirana yozungulira

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Kukhazikitsa kwa fan

Kuyesetsa kupereka yankho lothandiza la fan kungasokonezedwe kwambiri ndi ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa fan ndi njira zapafupi zoyendetsera mpweya.

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Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-07-2022